LOGICAL REASONING: STATEMENT AND CONCLUSION

Statement
• A statement is a group of sentences that provide certain facts or information
• These facts are assumed to be true for the question

Important Rule
• Never question the correctness of the statement
• Even if it sounds unrealistic, it must be accepted as true
-
MEANING OF CONCLUSION

Conclusion
• A conclusion is a possible result or inference drawn from the given statement
• It must logically follow from the statement

Key Rule
• Conclusion must be based ONLY on the given statement
• Personal opinion or general knowledge must not be used

TYPES OF CONCLUSIONS

DEFINITE CONCLUSION

• Clearly and directly follows from the statement
• Leaves no scope for doubt

Example Logic
Statement:
All teachers are educated.
All educated people are respected.

Conclusion:
All teachers are respected.

This conclusion definitely follows.
PROBABLE CONCLUSION

• Conclusion may follow but is not guaranteed
• Often uses words like:
  – may
  – probably
  – possibly

CSAT Tip
• If conclusion says “may”, check if it is logically possible

NEGATIVE CONCLUSION

• Uses words like:
  – no
  – not
  – never

Rule
• A negative conclusion should not be accepted unless clearly stated or implied

RULES TO SOLVE STATEMENT–CONCLUSION QUESTIONS

Rule 1
• Stick strictly to the statement

Rule 2
• Do not use real-world knowledge

Rule 3
• Extreme words like “all”, “none”, “always” are usually incorrect unless clearly supported

Rule 4
• Conclusions that restate the statement are usually correct

COMMON TYPES OF STATEMENTS IN CSAT

• Cause–effect statements
• Policy-based statements
• General factual statements
• Hypothetical statements

STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH

Step 1
• Read the statement carefully

Step 2
• Understand the facts given

Step 3
• Read conclusions one by one

Step 4
• Check if conclusion strictly follows

Step 5
• Eliminate options logically

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 

Question 1
Statement:
All fruits are sweet. Some sweets are sour.

Conclusion:
1. Some fruits are sour.
2. All sweets are fruits.

Question 2
Statement:
The government has announced a new policy to promote electric vehicles.

Conclusion:
1. The policy will reduce pollution.
2. The policy aims to encourage electric vehicle usage.

Question 3
Statement:
No student in the class failed the examination.

Conclusion:
1. All students passed the examination.
2. Some students failed the examination.

---

PDF File:

No PDF attached

---

Subject: CSAT

← Back