AI AND MACHINE LEARNING
Science
INTRODUCTION
- India was ranked 8th among the top 10 countries by AI patent families, ahead of Russia and France, with AI-related patent applications growing nearly tenfold between 2012 and 2018.
- AI has the potential to generate over 9 lakh white-collar jobs and 3.6 million indirect jobs by 2030.
- India is among a few countries to develop a conceptual national framework for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.
- Government expenditure on AI and Machine Learning is projected to reach USD 11,781.9 million by 2025.
- According to NITI Aayog, AI can add nearly USD 1 trillion to India’s economy by 2035.
ROLE OF NITI AAYOG IN PROMOTING AI
- NITI Aayog released the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence titled “AI for All” in June 2018.
- The strategy aims to leverage AI for inclusive growth and social development.
- It identifies five priority sectors:
- Healthcare – improving access to affordable and quality healthcare
- Agriculture – enhancing crop productivity, food security and farmers’ income
- Education – improving learning outcomes and human resource productivity
- Smart Cities and Infrastructure – enabling intelligent urban planning and efficient connectivity
- Smart Mobility and Transportation – ensuring safe and efficient transportation systems
- Post strategy release, initiatives such as Atal Innovation Mission, Empowered Group-6 and RAISE 2020 Summit were launched.
- NITI Aayog, in collaboration with the World Economic Forum, released Responsible AI framework documents.
- These documents focus on ethical, transparent, and accountable design and deployment of AI systems.
ROLE OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS
- Department of Telecommunications released a draft framework on the India Artificial Intelligence Stack.
- The AI Stack aims to ensure interoperability, data privacy, secure data storage, and protection of digital rights.
- It promotes open API integration to build AI architecture from the ground up.
- This provides a level playing field for institutions to accelerate AI research and adoption.
- State-level initiatives:
- In Telangana, AI is used to authenticate pensioners and prevent leakages.
- Ministry of Corporate Affairs uses AI to simplify corporate filings.
- DRDO established the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) as a dedicated AI research hub.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
- Artificial Intelligence refers to the capability of machines to mimic human intelligence such as reasoning, learning, and decision-making.
- Machine Learning is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn from past data without explicit programming.
- The primary goal of AI is to develop intelligent systems capable of solving complex problems efficiently with minimal human intervention.
AI IN EDUCATION
- AI is increasingly being adopted in the education sector to enhance learning quality and administrative efficiency.
- Virtual assistants like Google Assistant, Alexa, and Siri answer academic queries using AI capabilities.
APPLICATIONS OF AI IN EDUCATION
- Robot Teachers: Humanoid robots equipped with AI can assist teachers and make learning interactive and engaging.
- Personalised Learning:AI systems analyse students’ learning patterns, strengths, and weaknesses to customise teaching methods.
- AI-Based Tutoring: AI tutors help students outside classroom hours by resolving doubts instantly and continuously.
- Automated Grading System: Machine learning-based grading tools evaluate answer sheets using historical grading data. They help reduce bias and save teachers’ time.
- Natural Language Processing: NLP tools assist students in improving writing quality.Examples include Grammarly and QuillBot for grammar correction and content enhancement.
- Administrative Support: AI automates routine administrative tasks like scheduling, attendance, and record management. This allows teachers to focus more on teaching and mentoring.
- Smart Content Creation: AI helps create digital textbooks, interactive videos, simulations, and customised study materials.
CONCLUSION
- AI and Machine Learning are particularly suitable for India due to its massive volume of democratic data.
- Effective utilisation of this data through AI can significantly improve governance, policymaking, and service delivery.
- India’s demographic and cultural diversity provides a rich dataset that can generate insights valuable not only domestically but globally.
- Responsible, inclusive, and ethical deployment of AI will be crucial in shaping India’s digital future.
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Subject: Science
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