GOVERNORS-GENERAL AND VICEROYS OF INDIA

GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF BENGAL / BRITISH INDIA

Warren Hastings (1773–1785)
- Regulating Act of 1773.
- Act of 1781 clarified powers of Supreme Court & Governor-General-in-Council.
- Pitt’s India Act (1784).
- Rohilla War (1774).
- First Maratha War (1775–82); Treaty of Salbai (1782).
- Second Mysore War (1780–84).
- Conflict with Chait Singh (Benaras) → Impeachment.
- Founded Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784).

Lord Cornwallis (1786–1793)
- Third Mysore War (1790–92); Treaty of Seringapatam (1792).
- Cornwallis Code (1793): judicial reforms, separation of revenue & justice.
- Permanent Settlement of Bengal (1793).
- Europeanisation of administration; foundation of civil services.

Sir John Shore (1793–1798)
- Charter Act of 1793.
- Battle of Kharda (1795): Nizam vs Marathas.

Lord Wellesley (1798–1805)
- Subsidiary Alliance (1798), first with Nizam of Hyderabad.
- Fourth Mysore War (1799).
- Second Maratha War (1803–05).
- Annexed Tanjore (1799), Surat (1800), Carnatic (1801).
- Treaty of Bassein (1802).

Sir George Barlow (1805–1807)
- Vellore Mutiny (1806).

Lord Minto I (1807–1813)
- Treaty of Amritsar (1809) with Ranjit Singh.

Lord Hastings (1813–1823)
- Anglo-Nepal War (1814–16); Treaty of Sagauli (1816).
- Third Maratha War (1817–19); end of Maratha Confederacy.
- Pindari War (1817–18).
- Treaty with Sindhia (1817).
- Thomas Munro introduced Ryotwari System (1820).

Lord Amherst (1823–1828)
- First Burmese War (1824–26).
- Capture of Bharatpur (1826).

Lord William Bentinck (1828–1835)
- First official Governor-General of British India.
- Abolition of Sati (1829).
- Suppression of Thugi.
- Charter Act (1833).
- English education reforms (1835).
- Annexation: Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834).
- Treaty of perpetual friendship with Ranjit Singh.
- Reorganisation of judiciary.

Lord Metcalfe (1835–1836)
- Liberal Press Law (freedom of the press).

Lord Auckland (1836–1842)
- First Afghan War (1838–42).
- Death of Ranjit Singh (1839).

Lord Ellenborough (1842–1844)
- Annexation of Sindh (1843).
- War with Gwalior (1843).

Lord Hardinge I (1844–1848)
- First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46); Treaty of Lahore.
- Social reforms: abolished infanticide, human sacrifice.

Lord Dalhousie (1848–1856)
- Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49); annexation of Punjab.
- Conquest of Lower Burma (1852).
- Doctrine of Lapse; annexed Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur etc.
- Wood’s Despatch (1854).
- First railway line (Bombay–Thane, 1853).
- Telegraph & postal reforms.
- Ganges Canal opened (1854).
- Widow Remarriage Act (1856).

Lord Canning (1856–1857)
- Universities of Calcutta, Bombay, Madras (1857).
- Revolt of 1857.

VICEROYS OF INDIA (POST-1858)

Lord Canning (1858–1862)
- Government of India Act (1858): power to Crown.
- White Mutiny (1859).
- Indian Councils Act (1861).

Lord Elgin I (1862–63)
- Wahabi Movement.

Lord John Lawrence (1864–1869)
- Bhutan War (1865).
- High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay & Madras.

Lord Mayo (1869–1872)
- Mayo College (Ajmer) & Rajkot College.
- Statistical Survey of India.
- Department of Agriculture & Commerce.
- State railways begun.

Lord Northbrook (1872–1876)
- Visit of Prince of Wales (1875).
- Trial of Gaekwad of Baroda.
- Kuka Movement.

Lord Lytton (1876–1880)
- Famine of 1876–78; Famine Commission (1878).
- Royal Titles Act (1876): Queen Victoria → Kaiser-i-Hind.
- Vernacular Press Act (1878).
- Arms Act (1878).
- Second Afghan War (1878–80).

Lord Ripon (1880–1884)
- Repealed Vernacular Press Act (1882).
- First Factory Act (1881).
- Local self-government resolution (1882).
- Hunter Education Commission (1882).
- Ilbert Bill controversy (1883–84).

Lord Dufferin (1884–1888)
- Third Burmese War (1885–86).
- Foundation of Indian National Congress (1885).

Lord Lansdowne (1888–1894)
- Factory Act (1891).
- Indian Councils Act (1892).
- Durand Commission (1893).

Lord Elgin II (1894–1899)
- Chapekar brothers assassinated British officials (1897).

Lord Curzon (1899–1905)
- Police Commission (1902).
- Universities Act (1904).
- Ancient Monuments Act (1904).
- Partition of Bengal (1905).
- Younghusband Mission to Tibet (1904).

Lord Minto II (1905–1910)
- Anti-partition & Swadeshi Movement.
- Split in Congress (Surat, 1907).
- Formation of Muslim League (1906).

Lord Hardinge II (1910–1916)
- Capital shifted to Delhi (1911).
- Creation of Bengal Presidency (1911).
- Hindu Mahasabha founded (1915).
- Delhi Durbar (1911).

Lord Chelmsford (1916–1921)
- Home Rule Leagues (1916).
- Lucknow Pact (1916).
- Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad Satyagrahas.
- Montagu Declaration (1917).
- Government of India Act (1919).
- Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh (1919).
- Launch of Non-Cooperation & Khilafat.
- Saddler Commission (1917).

Lord Reading (1921–1926)
- Chauri Chaura incident (1922).
- Moplah Rebellion.
- Press Act & Rowlatt Act repealed.
- Kakori Conspiracy (1925).
- Swaraj Party formed (1922).
- ICS exams in Delhi & London (from 1923).

Lord Irwin (1926–1931)
- Simon Commission (1928).
- Nehru Report (1928).
- Harcourt Butler Commission.
- Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929).
- Lahore Congress (1929): Purna Swaraj.
- Dandi March (1930).
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931).
- First Round Table Conference boycott.

Lord Willingdon (1931–1936)
- Second & Third Round Table Conferences.
- Communal Award (1932).
- Poona Pact (1932).
- Government of India Act (1935).

Lord Linlithgow (1936–1944)
- Elections of 1937; Congress ministries formed.
- WWII outbreak → Congress resigns (1939).
- Subhash Bose elected Congress President; forms Forward Bloc.
- Lahore Resolution (1940) – Pakistan demand.
- August Offer (1940).
- Cripps Mission (1942).
- Quit India Movement (1942).

Lord Wavell (1944–1947)
- C.R. Formula (1944).
- Wavell Plan & Shimla Conference (1945).
- End of WWII.
- Cabinet Mission Plan (1946).
- Direct Action Day (1946).
- Interim Government formed (1946).
- Attlee’s declaration (Feb 20, 1947).

Lord Mountbatten (1947–1948)
- June 3 Plan (1947).
- Indian Independence Bill.
- Radcliffe Boundary Commissions for Punjab & Bengal.
 

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Subject: Modern History

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