ENVIRONMENT CONVENTIONS
Environment
TROPICAL FOREST ALLIANCE
- Founded in 2012 at Rio+20 after the Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) committed to zero net deforestation by 2020 for palm oil, soy, beef, and paper and pulp supply chains in 2010.
- The CGF partnered with the US government to create the public-private alliance with the mission of mobilizing all actors to collaborate in reducing commodity-driven tropical deforestation.
- The Tropical Forest Alliance is a multistakeholder partnership platform initiated to support the implementation of private-sector commitments to remove deforestation from palm oil, beef, soy and pulp/paper supply chains.
- Hosted by the World Economic Forum, its alliance partners include companies, government entities, civil society, indigenous peoples, local communities and international organizations.
NOTE:
- Earth Summit 1992 (Rio de Janeiro) = UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).
- Earth Summit 2002 (Johannesburg) = World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).
- Earth Summit 2012 (Rio de Janeiro) = UN Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD)
BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION
- Formerly known as the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED).
- It aimed to unite countries to pursue sustainable development together.
- Chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, appointed in 1983.
- Released ‘Our Common Future’ (Brundtland Report) in 1987 which popularised the term “Sustainable Development”.
- Provided momentum for Earth Summit 1992 (UNCED) and Agenda 21.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF)
- Established before the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to address global environmental issues.
- 184 member countries + international institutions + civil society.
- Provides grants for biodiversity, climate change, land degradation, POPs, mercury, etc.
- Acts as the financial mechanism for CBD, UNFCCC, UNCCD, Stockholm Convention, Minamata Convention.
- Supports Montreal Protocol implementation indirectly.
- In India: Green-Ag Project funded by GEF; FAO is implementing agency; MoEF&CC is the national focal point.
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT (1972)
- Held in Stockholm, Sweden.
- First global conference on environment.
- Created UNEP.
- Marked beginning of modern international environmental diplomacy.
PARTNERSHIP FOR ACTION ON GREEN ECONOMY (PAGE)
- Established after Rio+20 and the declaration “The Future We Want”.
- Works with countries to integrate sustainability into economic policymaking.
- Jointly implemented by UNEP, UNIDO, ILO, UNITAR and UNDP.
GREEN GROWTH KNOWLEDGE PLATFORM (GGKP)
- A global network to bridge gaps in research and knowledge on green growth.
- Founded by GGGI, OECD, UNEP, and the World Bank in 2012.
- Provides tools, data and good practices for green economy transition.
WORLD NATURE ORGANIZATION (WNO)
- Intergovernmental organisation created in 2010 by climate-threatened countries.
- Focuses on renewable energy, sustainable economic models and climate response.
- WNO treaty came into force in 2014.
- India is not a member.
ACTION FOR CLIMATE EMPOWERMENT (ACE)
- A UNFCCC framework (Article 6) focusing on:
- Education, Training, Public awareness, Public participation, Public access to information, International cooperation.
- Integrated into SDGs, GAP-ESD, Aarhus Convention, Escazú Agreement, Bali Guidelines.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC)
- Created in 1988 by WMO & UNEP.
- Provides authoritative scientific assessments on climate change.
- Does not conduct research—evaluates global scientific literature.
- Has 195 member countries.
- Provided scientific foundation for Paris Agreement 2015.
- Shared Nobel Peace Prize (2007) with Al Gore.
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Subject: Environment
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