GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal Energy is a mature renewable energy technology that has the potential to provide clean and reliable energy for power generation and direct heating/cooling. It can be utilized for both electric power production and direct heat applications including Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) for space or district heating and generating hot water for domestic or industrial use.

Significance:
- Environmentally friendly
- Renewable and long‑lasting
- Huge untapped potential (0.0035–2 TW globally)
- Stable, reliable and available round the clock
- No fuel required

Challenges:
- Location specific resource availability
- Can induce earthquakes
- High installation and maintenance cost

HYDRO POWER ENERGY
Hydroelectricity is generated when the force of falling water is used to turn turbines, which then drive generators producing electricity. It is renewable, low‑cost, and efficient.

Classification:
- Micro: up to 100 kW
- Mini: 101 kW–2 MW
- Small: 2–25 MW
- Mega: ≥500 MW
- Thermal mega: ≥1500 MW

Hydropower Potential in India:
- Total potential: ~1,45,000 MW
- Small hydro potential: ~20,000 MW
- Renewable, low recurring cost
- Ideal for meeting peak loads
- Seasonal load curves match well with hydropower output

Challenges:
- Highly capital‑intensive
- Deforestation and ecological disturbance
- Land acquisition hurdles
- Biodiversity loss and alteration of river systems
- Interstate disputes over river water
- Lack of supporting infrastructure

Way Forward:
- Focus on Himalayan + North‑East hydropower potential
- Dedicated government‑state monitoring bodies
- Faster clearances, better R&R, timely dispute resolution
- Incentivize private sector participation
- Government support in risk‑heavy phases of project execution

---

PDF File:

No PDF attached

---

Subject: Environment

← Back