MASS EXTINCTION

Definition:
The Holocene or Anthropocene extinction is the ongoing sixth mass extinction caused by human activities.

Facts:
- 400+ vertebrate species extinct in past century.
- 29,400 terrestrial vertebrate species at risk.
- Range/population of 30% vertebrates declining.

Causes:
1. Overpopulation
2. Land diversions: 30% land converted for food; 80% global deforestation.
3. Carbon emissions
4. Climate-induced disasters
5. Invasive species
6. Wildlife trade

Impacts:
Environmental:
- Extinction rate 1000–10,000x natural rate.
- Loss of ecosystem services.
- Rise in invasive species.
- Loss of ecological heritage.

Socio-economic:
- Livelihood loss
- Food insecurity
- Soil fertility decline
- Irreversible losses
- Higher pandemic risk

Initiatives:
- Paris Agreement
- 30x30 conservation goal
- UN Biodiversity Summit
- Build Back Better-type clean energy initiatives

Future Prospects:
- Forest conservation
- Curb wildlife trade
- Consumer awareness
- Reducing plastic use
 

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Subject: Environment

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