TIGER CONSERVATION
Environment
PROJECT TIGER (1973)
- Launched in Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand).
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme under MoEF&CC.
- Implemented & monitored by National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
Objectives
- Ensure viable population of Bengal tigers.
- Protect tigers from extinction.
- Preserve ecologically important habitats.
- Harmonize rights of tribal communities in/around reserves.
TIGER RESERVES
- Protected landscapes for tiger & prey conservation.
- Governed by Project Tiger and NTCA.
Zonation Structure:
CORE ZONE
- National Park/Sanctuary status.
- No human activity.
- Exclusive tiger conservation.
BUFFER ZONE
- Allows coexistence of humans & wildlife.
- Supports dispersal and ecological stability.
CORRIDOR HABITAT
- Identified by NTCA & WII for safe tiger movement.
NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY (NTCA)
- Statutory body under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
- Established in 2005.
- Under MoEF&CC.
Composition
- Chaired by Minister of Environment & Forests.
- 8 wildlife experts.
- 3 MPs (2 LS, 1 RS).
Powers & Functions
- Approve Tiger Conservation Plans.
- Provide central assistance.
- Conduct Tiger Census every 4 years.
- Research & monitoring of tigers and habitat.
- Prevent ecologically unsustainable land use.
- Boundary changes only with NTCA + NBWL approval.
TIGER TASK FORCE (2005)
- Formed after tiger disappearance in Sariska Reserve.
INTERNATIONAL TIGER DAY
- Celebrated on 29 July.
- Commemorates the St. Petersburg Tiger Summit (2010).
ALL INDIA TIGER ESTIMATION (2018)
- Tiger population: 2,967 (33% rise since 2014).
Top States
- Madhya Pradesh – 526
- Karnataka – 524
- Uttarakhand – 442
Best Performers
- Pench (MP) – highest numbers.
- Sathyamangalam (TN) – highest improvement.
States with Decline
- Chhattisgarh, Mizoram
Zero Tiger Reserves
- Dampa (Mizoram)
- Buxa (West Bengal)
- Palamau (Jharkhand)
M-STRIPES
- Mobile app for patrolling, GPS logging and monitoring.
- Used in tiger census.
OTHER INITIATIVES
e-Eye System
- Thermal/infrared cameras for surveillance.
Tiger Net
- National database of tiger photos.
TX2 Goal
- Double world tiger population by 2022.
Global Tiger Initiative (GTI)
- World Bank-led collaboration for tiger conservation.
IMPORTANT FACTS
- India holds 70% of global tiger population.
- Five Tiger Landscapes:
1. Shivalik–Gangetic Plains
2. Central India & Eastern Ghats
3. Western Ghats
4. North East Hills & Brahmaputra Plains
5. Sundarbans
- Kanha Tiger Reserve introduced mascot ‘Bhoorsingh the Barasingha’.
- Tiger Range Countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Russia, Lao PDR.
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Subject: Environment
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