NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA)
Polity
BACKGROUND
• GOI recognised Disaster Management as a national priority and set up:
– High-Powered Committee (HPC) in 1999
– National Committee after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake
• 10th Five-Year Plan included first detailed chapter on Disaster Management.
• 12th Finance Commission reviewed financial arrangements for DM.
• Disaster Management Act, 2005 established:
– National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) headed by PM
– State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by Chief Ministers
ABOUT NDMA
• Apex statutory body for Disaster Management in India under the DM Act, 2005.
• Headed by the **Prime Minister**.
• Administrative control: **Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)**.
• Mandate: Promote a culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and resilience.
• India aims for a proactive, technology-driven, multi-hazard, multi-sectoral approach.
VISION
• “To build a safer and disaster-resilient India through holistic, proactive, technology-driven and sustainable development involving all stakeholders.”
OBJECTIVES
• Promote culture of prevention, preparedness and resilience.
• Integrate mitigation measures into development planning.
• Establish institutional and techno-legal frameworks.
• Strengthen early warning systems and monitoring mechanisms.
• Ensure efficient response and relief.
• Treat reconstruction as development opportunity.
• Promote inter-agency partnership and community participation.
FUNCTIONS & RESPONSIBILITIES OF NDMA
• Lay down national policies on disaster management.
• Approve the National Disaster Management Plan.
• Approve plans of Ministries/Departments aligned with National Plan.
• Frame guidelines for States to prepare State Plans.
• Guide Ministries in integrating disaster mitigation into their policies.
• Coordinate enforcement and implementation of DM policies.
• Recommend fund allocation for mitigation and preparedness.
• Provide disaster-related international assistance as required.
• Build capacities for preparedness and manage threatening situations.
• Govern the working of National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM).
STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (SDMA)
Composition:
• Chairperson – Chief Minister (ex-officio).
• Up to 9 members including Vice Chairperson nominated by CM.
• CM also chairs the State Executive Committee.
Functions:
• Lay down policies/guidelines for DM in the state.
• Approve the State Disaster Management Plan.
• Integrate disaster mitigation into state development programmes.
• Coordinate implementation of DM policies and guidelines.
• Recommend funds for mitigation and preparedness.
• Provide standards of relief during disasters.
• Recommend loan relief measures (fresh loans/concessional terms).
• Oversee State Disaster Response Force.
• Authorise emergency procurement during disasters.
• Submit annual report to the Central Government.
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (DDMA)
Composition:
• Chairperson – District Collector / District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner.
• Co-chairperson – Elected head of the local authority.
• In 6th Schedule Areas – Co-chairperson is Chief Executive Member of Autonomous District Council.
• Members – Superintendent of Police, Chief Medical Officer, CEO (appointed by state govt).
Functions:
• Prepare District Disaster Management Plan (including response plan).
• Coordinate implementation of NDMA/SDMA guidelines.
• Identify vulnerable areas and propose prevention measures.
• Organise specialised and community-based training programmes.
• Maintain and upgrade early warning mechanisms.
• Coordinate activities of all government departments at district level.
• Ensure smooth functioning of response, relief, and preparedness measures.
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Subject: Polity
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