Coding Decoding

CSAT

Coding is a process used to encrypt a word or a number in a particular code or pattern based on some set of rules. Decoding is a process to decrypt the pattern into its original form from the given codes.

There are mainly four types of questions:

TYPE-I: Letter Coding

It consists of a set of letters, whose code is given as another set of characters. Based on this, the code of another letter group has to be found.

Example 1:

In a code language, QUESTION is written as OPJUTFVR. How will FACTOR be written in that language?

In the following question, QUESTION is represented by OPJUTFVR. There is a pattern:

Q + 1 = R; U + 1 = V; E + 1 = F; S + 1 = T; T + 1 = U; I + 1 = J; O + 1 = P; N + 1 = O.

Write it in reverse order: OPJUTFVR

In the same way, FACTOR is written as:

F + 1 = G; A + 1 = B; C + 1 = D; T + 1 = U; O + 1 = P; R + 1 = S.

Therefore, after reversing it, SPUDBG is the correct option.

Example 2:

If NBSJOF is coded as ENIRAM, then how will UFNQFS be written in that language?

NBSJOF is represented by ENIRAM.

There is a pattern:

NBSJOF = FOJRBN (reverse)

F - 1 = E, O - 1 = N, J - 1 = I, S - 1 = R, B - 1 = A, N - 1 = M

In the same way, UFNQFS is written as:

UFNQFS = SFQNFU (reverse)

S-1 = R, F-1 = E, Q-1 = P, N-1 = M, F-1 = E, U-1 = T

Therefore, the correct answer should be REPMET.

TYPE – II: Number/Symbol Coding

In this type, letters of the English alphabet are coded with numbers or symbols, which have to be understood and answered in the same code.

Example 1:

In a code language, YOGHURT is written as 251578211820. How will DEVELOP be written in that language?

YOGHURT is written as 251578211820.
Direct place values of the letters are written.
So, the code for DEVELOP will be 45225121516.

Example 2:

In a code language, if BADGE is written as ‘4281410’, then how will ‘NORMS’ be written in that language?

Here, all place values have been multiplied by 2.

B × 2 = 4, A × 2 = 2, D × 2 = 8, G × 2 = 14, E × 2 = 10.

In the same way,

NORMS = N × 2 = 28, O × 2 = 30, R× 2 = 36, M × 2 = 26, S × 2 = 38

So, the answer should be: 2830362638.

TYPE – III: Word Coding

It contains a word or a set of words whose code is given as another word or group of words. Based on this, the code of a word has to be determined.

Example:

If in a language,

Then in that language, on what would one wear a ring?

Since a ring is worn on the finger, and finger is coded as knee, the correct answer is knee.

TYPE – IV: Condition Coding

In this type, some letters or numbers are given, and some signs or letters are marked in the form of signs, along with some special rules.

Example:

In a code language, GATE is written as 5 3 $, and TOUR is written as 32&%. How will URGE be written in that language?

From GATE = 5 3 $, we can deduce:
G = 5, A = ?, T = 3, E = $

From TOUR = 32&%, we get:
T = 3, O = 2, U = &, R = %

Then for URGE:
U = &, R = %, G = 5, E = $

So, URGE = &%5$.

Artificial Languages

Artificial languages, in logical reasoning, are designed languages used for different purposes. Unlike natural languages that develop naturally, artificial languages are intentionally created with specific rules and structures.

They have diverse applications, including communication in fiction and science fiction, as well as experimentation in linguistics and logic.

Solved Example:

Which word could mean “ceiling tile”?

Options:
(A) gorbltusl
(B) flurgorbl
(C) arthflur
(D) pixnarth

Answer: (A) gorbltusl

Explanation:

PRACTICE EXAMPLES

1. In a code language, BANKER is written as NABREK. How will STRING be written in that language?

(A) RSTGIN
(B) RTSGNI
(C) TSIRGN
(D) RTGSNI

Answer: (B) RTSGNI

Q2. If CAB = 12 and FED = 30, then HIDE = ?

(A) 44
(B) 68
(C) 52
(D) 48

Answer: (C) 52

Q3. If HECK is coded as 94410 and DIG is coded as 588, then how will BIKE be coded as?

(A) 38124
(B) 38115
(C) 19113
(D) 39105

Answer: (A) 38124

Q4. If FAKE is coded as 52106 and MAD is coded as 1225, then how will DEER be coded as?

(A) 35418
(B) 36420
(C) 36419
(D) 47520

Answer: (C) 36419

Q5.If FATHER = 7 and DAUGHTER = 9, then DISTANT = ?

(A) 6
(B) 10
(C) 8
(D) 7

Answer: (C) 8

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