Biodiversity of India

Environment

India is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, housing a vast array of flora and fauna across its varied landscapes, from the Himalayan Mountains to coastal regions. This rich biodiversity is a result of India’s diverse climate, topography, and ecological zones, which support over 47,000 plant species and 91,000 animal species. The country’s unique ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and provide essential resources for millions of people. Understanding India’s biodiversity is vital for conservation efforts and sustainable development, as it directly impacts the livelihoods of local communities and the health of the planet.

India as a Mega Diverse Country

India is one of the 17 mega diverse countries classified by Conservation International. The mega diverse counties are the following:

  1. Australia
  2. Brazil
  3. China
  4. Colombia
  5. Democratic Republic of the Congo
  6. Ecuador
  7. India
  8. Indonesia
  9. Madagascar
  10. Malaysia
  11. Mexico
  12. Papua New Guinea
  13. Peru
  14. Philippines
  15. South Africa
  16. United States
  17. Venezuela

Ten Biogeographic Zones in India

There are 10 biogeographic zones in India. They are the following:

  1. Trans Himalayan zone.
  2. Himalayan zone.
  3. Desert zone.
  4. Semiarid zone.
  5. Western Ghat Zone
  6. Deccan platea zone.
  7. Gangetic plain zone.
  8. North east zone.
  9. Coastal zone.
  10. Islands present near the shore line.

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Subject: Environment

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