ARTICLES OF CONSTITUTION

Here are the questions that have been asked in previous year OPSC OAS Prelims Examination. From the above, it is confirmed that Articles of Indian constitution bear importance for prelims examination. So here we try to bring all gist of important Articles of Indian constitution, which are sure to come in Prelims Examination.

PART 1 : Article 1 to Article 4

• Article 1 – Name and territory of the union.

• Article 2 – Admission and establishment of the new state.

• Article 3 – Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and name of existing states.

PART 2 : Article 5 to Article 12

• Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution.

• Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan.

• Article 10 – Continuance of rights of citizenship.

• Article 11 – Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

PART 3 : Article 12 to Article 35

• Article 12 – Definition of the state.

• Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.

Right to Equality: Article 14 to 18

• Article 14 – Equality before the law.

• Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

• Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

• Article 17 – Abolition of the untouchability.

• Article 18 – Abolition of titles.

Right to Freedom: Article 19 to Article 22

• Article 19 – Guarantees to all the citizens the six rights and they are:

• • a – Freedom of speech and expression.

  • b – Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms.

  • c – Freedom to form associations or unions.

  • d – Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.

  • e – Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.

  • f – Omitted

  • g – Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

• Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences.

• Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty.

• Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Right against exploitation: Article 23 & Article 24

• Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.

• Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children (Under the age of 14) in factories and mines.

Right to Freedom of Religion: Article 25 to Article 28

• Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs.

• Article 27 – Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

• Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction.

Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29 and Article 30

• Article 29 – Protection of interest of minorities.

• Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32

• Article 32 – Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

DPSP: Article 36 to Article 51

• Article 36 – Definition

• Article 37– Application of DPSP

• Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid

• Article 40 – Organization of a village panchayat

• Article 41 – Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases

• Article 43 – Living Wages, etc. for workers.

• Article 43A – Participation of workers in the management of industries.

• Article 44 – Uniform Civil Code ( applicable in Goa only)

• Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children.

• Article 46 – Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST), and OBC.

• Article 47– Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.

• Article 48 – Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.

• Article 49 – Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance.

• Article 50 – Separation of judiciary from the executive.

• Article 51 – Promotion of international peace and security.

Fundamental Duties: Article 51A

There are 11 fundamental duties. 42^nd Constitutional Amendment added 10 fundamental duties. Whereas 86th amendment act 2002 added one more to the list.

PART 5: Article 52 to 151 (Union)

• Article 52 – The President

• Article 53 – Executive Power of the union

• Article 54 – Election of President

• Article 61 – Procedure for Impeachment of the President

• Article 63 – The Vice–president of India

• Article 64 – The Vice–President to be ex–officio chairman the council of States

• Article 66 – Election of Vice–president

• Article 72 – Pardoning powers of President

• Article 74 – Council of ministers to aid and advise President

• Article 76 – Attorney–General for India

• Article 79 – Constitution of Parliament

• Article 80 – Composition of Rajya Sabha

• Article 81 – Composition of Lok Sabha

• Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament

• Article 93 – The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people

• Article 105 – Powers, Privileges, etc. of the House of Parliament

• Article 109 – Special procedure in respects of money bills

• Article 110 – Definition of “Money Bills”

• Article 112 – Annual Financial Budget

• Article 114 –Appropriation Bills

• Article 123 – Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament

• Article 124 – Establishment of Supreme Court

• Article 125 – Salaries of Judges

• Article 126 – Appointment of acting Chief justice

• Article 127 – Appointment of ad–hoc judges

• Article 128 –Attendance of retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court

• Article 129 – Supreme Court to be a court of Record

• Article 130 – Seat of the Supreme Court

• Article 136 – Special leaves for an appeal to the Supreme Court

• Article 137 – Review of judgment or orders by the Supreme Court

• Article 141 – Decision of the Supreme Court of India binding on all the courts

• Article 148 – Comptroller and Auditor General of India

• Article 149 – Duties and Powers of CAG

PART 6: Article 152 to 237 (States)

• Article 153 – Governors of State

• Article 154 – Executive Powers of Governor

• Article 161 – Pardoning powers of the Governor

• Article 165 – Advocate–General of the State

• Article 213 – Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances

• Article 214 – High Courts for states

• Article 215 – High Courts to be a court of record

• Article 226 – Power of High Courts to issue certain writs

• Article 233 – Appointment of District judges

• Article 235 – Control over Subordinate Courts

PART 7-  Article 238: Repealed

PART 8- Article 239 to 242 : Union Territory

PART 9- Article 243 to Article 243 O: Panchayat

• Article 243A – Gram Sabha

• Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayat

PART 9A- Article 243 P to Article 243 ZG : Municipalities

PART 10- Article 244 : Scheduled and Tribal Areas

PART 11- Article 245 to Article 263 : Center State relation

• Article 263- Inter state council

PART 12- Article 264 to Article 300 A: Finance, Properties, contracts and suits.

• Article 266 – Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund

• Article 267 – Contingency Fund of India

• Article 275 –  Grant

• Article 280 – Finance Commission

• Article 300 A – Right to property

PART 13- Article 301 to Article 307: Trade, commerce and intercourse with in territories of India

• Article 301 – Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse

• Article 302 – Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse.

PART 14- Article 308 to Article 323 : Service under Centre and States

• Article 312 – All– India–Service

• Article 315 – Public service commissions for the union and for the states

• Article 320 – Functions of Public Service Commission

PART 14 A- Article 323 A to Article 323 B: Tribunals

• Article 323A – Administrative Tribunals

• Article 323B –  Tribunals for others ground

PART 15- Article 324 to Article 329 : Election Commission

• Article 324 – Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission

•  Article 325 – No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex

• Article 326 – Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage

PART 16- Article 330 to Article 342: Special Provisions to SC, ST, OBC, Minorities etc.

• Article 338 – National Commission for the SC & ST

• Article 340 – Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes

PART 17- Article 343 to Article 351 : Official Language

• Article 343 – Official languages of the Union

• Article 345 – Official languages or languages of a state

• Article 348 – Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts

• Article 351 – Directive for development of the Hindi languages

PART 18- Article 352 to Article 360: Emergency

• Article 352 – Proclamation of emergency (National Emergency)

• Article 356 – State Emergency (President’s Rule)

• Article 360 – Financial Emergency.

PART 19- Article 361 to Article 367: Miscellaneous

• Article 361 – Protection of President and Governors

PART 20- Article 368: Amendment of Constitution

• Article 368 – Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution

PART 21- Article 369 to Article 392: Special, Transitional and Temporary Provisions

• Article 370 – Temporary Provision for the erstwhile State of J&K (diluted on August 5 & 6, 2019).

• Article 371 A –  Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland

• Article 371 J – Special Status for Hyderabad–Karnataka region

PART 22- Article 392 to Article 395: Short Text, Commencement and Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

• Article 393 – Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India